When SMS is acceptable
SMS can be better than no second factor at all. It is still useful for low-risk accounts or as a transitional step while a stronger method is being rolled out.
When authenticator apps are better
Authenticator apps work offline, avoid carrier delivery issues, and are generally less exposed to number takeover. They remain a manual-code method, so they are stronger than SMS but still not passkey-grade phishing resistance.
What to do for high-value accounts
Use a passkey or security key if the platform supports it, and keep TOTP as a fallback rather than the primary method where stronger options are available.
Comparison checklist
- List the accounts where SMS is still enabled.
- Replace SMS with an authenticator app on any account that allows it.
- Upgrade your most important accounts to passkeys or hardware keys where possible.
Watch-outs
- SMS can be targeted through SIM swap or mobile-number takeover.
- Choosing SMS for convenience can create a hidden recovery dependency.